Electricity pricing in India depends on your state, consumption, and tariff slab. This blog explains the electricity cost per unit in India, how electricity tariffs and unit rates work, and how your electricity bill is calculated. You’ll also learn what impacts your monthly bill and how to better manage electricity consumption.

Ever looked at your electricity bill and wondered… “Why is the cost per unit not the same every month?” 

You’re not alone. In India, electricity pricing isn’t flat, it changes based on how much you use, where you live, and even government subsidies specific to your state. 

Let’s break it down in a simple, practical way. 

What is a “Unit” in Electricity? Meaning, kWh Calculation & Electricity Bill Guide

Average Retail Electricity Prices* by State  

The states have implemented a “slab system” where the unit rate increases with an increase in your total electricity consumption. On average, domestic electricity rates are expected to vary between ₹3 to ₹10/unit in 2026 whereas commercial and high usage residential rates can go above ₹14/unit. 

State	Lowest Slab (₹/unit)	Highest Slab (₹/unit)	Notes
Delhi	₹3.00	₹8.00	Often 0–200 units are free/subsidized.
Maharashtra	₹4.43	₹12.8	Higher in Mumbai/private DISCOMs
Karnataka	₹4.75	₹9.50+	Varies by DISCOM (e.g., BESCOM).
Uttar Pradesh	₹3.35	₹8.00	Higher rates for urban vs. Rural variation
Gujarat	₹3.60	₹7.30	Utility-wise variation
Tamil Nadu	₹4.50	₹11.00+	Subsidized lower slabs

*These prices are an estimation as of May 2026, and may vary as per the latest data  

What impacts your Electricity bill? 

• Fixed Charges: This is the fixed monthly charge based on your approved load (₹50–₹250 per kW) irrespective of consumption. 
• Subsidies: States like Delhi and Punjab provide free or subsidized power for low-consumption households (typically between 200 to 300 units) based on socio-economic profiling. 
• Taxes & Surcharges: Your final bill includes a state electricity duty (usually 5% to 15%) and periodic fuel adjustment surcharges (FPPAS). 
• Commercial vs. Domestic: Commercial rates are typically 50% to 100% higher than domestic rates, often starting around ₹9 per unit. 

In India electricity bills have a telescopic slab structure meaning, the unit rate keeps increasing with higher consumption. 

To see how these rates translate to a monthly bill, let’s look at a typical 3-bedroom apartment in a city like Delhi or Mumbai. 

Example: Monthly Bill for 300 Units 

Say your household uses approximately 10 units per day (powering a fridge, lights, fans, a TV, and occasional AC or geyser use), then your calculation would look roughly like this: 

Consumption Slab	Rate (Approx.)	Calculation	Cost
First 200 Units	₹3.00/unit	200 X 3	₹600
Next 100 Units	₹4.50/unit	100 X 4.5	₹450

How Everyday Appliances Add to Your Bill 

To give you an idea of what contributes to that 1 kWh (1 unit): 

• 1.5 Ton AC (5-Star): Consumes about 0.8 to 1.2 units per hour depending on the temperature setting. Running it for 8 hours a night can add ~250 units to your monthly bill. 
• Ceiling Fan: Consumes about 1 unit every 15–20 hours. 
• LED Bulb (9W): Takes over 110 hours of continuous use to consume just 1 unit. 

Use the calculator below to get a rough estimate of your electricity consumptions and estimated cost

The Bottom Line  

Electricity in India isn’t priced at a flat rate, it’s dynamic, layered, and influenced by usage patterns. Understanding how slabs, charges, and appliances impact your bill can help you take control of your electricity costs. 

With monitoring tools like smart meters, you can track your consumption in real-time, spot inefficiencies, and make better usage decisions. Combined with simple habit changes, even small adjustments can lead to meaningful savings. 

Frequently asked questions 

1. What is 1 unit of electricity? 

1 unit = 1 kilowatt-hour (kWh). 
It means using a 1,000-watt appliance for 1 hour. 

To learn more, read this blog on “Unit in electricity”

2. Why does my electricity bill increase even if my usage is similar? 

Because India follows a slab system, higher usage pushes you into higher-priced slabs, increasing your overall bill. 

3. Is electricity free in some states? 

Yes. Some states offer free or subsidized electricity for domestic consumers up to a certain limit: 

• Delhi: Up to 200 units free; subsidy available up to 400 units  
• Punjab: Up to 300 units free for eligible households 
• Karnataka: Free electricity up to eligible consumption limits under the Gruha Jyothi scheme 
• Tamil Nadu: Subsidized rates for lower consumption slabs   

Benefits vary by consumption, eligibility, and DISCOM policies. 

4. What is FPPAS in my electricity bill? 

FPPAS (Fuel Power Purchase Adjustment Surcharge) is a variable charge that changes based on fuel costs like coal and gas. 

5. Why is my bill higher than the per-unit rate? 

Because your bill includes: Fixed charges, Electricity duty (tax), FPPAS and other surcharges  

6. How can I reduce my electricity bill? 

• Use energy-efficient appliances (5-star rated)  
• Limit AC usage or optimize temperature (24–26°C)  
• Run high consumption appliances like washing machine during off-peak hours 
• Regular servicing of appliances ensures they run efficiently and reduces unnecessary electricity consumption 
• Monitor consumption using smart meters  

7. How much electricity does an AC consume? 

A 1.5-ton AC typically consumes 0.8–1.2 units per hour, making it one of the biggest contributors to your bill. 

8. How smart meters help reduce electricity bills?

Smart meters help you track electricity consumption in real-time, making it easier to identify high-usage appliances and avoid unnecessary power wastage. They also improve billing accuracy, provide better visibility into daily usage patterns, and help households make informed decisions to reduce electricity costs.

To learn more about Smart Meters in India, click here.

9. What is a slab-based electricity tariff?

A slab-based electricity tariff means the unit rate increases as your electricity consumption goes up. For example, the first 100–200 units may be charged at a lower rate, while higher consumption slabs are billed at a higher per-unit cost. This system encourages efficient electricity usage.

10. What is the difference between domestic and commercial electricity tariffs?

Domestic electricity tariffs apply to residential households and are usually subsidized or charged at lower rates. Commercial tariffs, used for shops, offices, and businesses, are generally higher because of greater electricity demand, additional fixed charges, and different tariff structures.

11. Which appliances consume the most electricity?

Air conditioners, geysers, refrigerators, room heaters, and washing machines are among the highest electricity-consuming appliances in Indian homes. Cooling and heating appliances usually contribute the most to monthly electricity bills, especially during peak summer and winter seasons. The duration for which these appliances are used also impacts overall electricity consumption and monthly costs.

12. What are some of the electricity saving tips that Indian homes can follow?

Using 5-star rated appliances, setting AC temperatures between 24–26°C, switching to LED lighting, and turning off unused devices can help reduce electricity consumption. Regular appliance servicing and monitoring usage through smart meters can also improve energy efficiency and lower monthly bills.

Key Points Covered  

• Cost of 1 unit (kWh) in India (2026 estimate)  
• How slab-based tariffs work
• State-wise price variations 
• Example of a 300-unit monthly bill  
• Components that make up your bill  
• Appliance-wise consumption insights  
• Why your final bill exceeds just units × rate 

Who Should Read This Blog  

• Homeowners & tenants who want to understand their electricity bills  
• First-time bill payers decoding units, slabs, and charges 
• High-usage households looking to reduce costs  
• Small business owners comparing tariffs  
• Anyone interested in subsidies and DISCOM pricing 

Sources 

• Delhi Electricity Regulatory Commission Tariff Orders  
• Housing.com Tariff Guides  
• DISCOM portals (BSES, Tata Power-DDL)  
• Government schemes via MyScheme